Livy 1.7

To Remus first an omen came, it is said: six vultures, and the augury having already been announced, when double the number had offered themselves to Romulus, his own multitude saluted each as king.  [Tempore] Those claim kingship on the priority of time, these on the number of the birds.  Then when they met in conflict, by the struggle of passions they turned to murder.  Thereupon Remus, having been struck, fell in the crowd.  [Vulgatior] The more common report is that Remus, in mockery of his brother, jumped over the new walls; thence by an angry Romulus, when, rebuking also with these words, had added, “Thus afterwards whoever else jumps over my walls! he was killed.  [Ita] Thus Romulus alone gained possession of power; the founded city was called by the name of its founder.

His first fortified the Palatine hill on which he himself had been brought up.  He set up the sacred rites for the other gods by Alban custom, by the Greek for Hercules, as they had been instituted by Evander.   [Herculem] They recall that into these locations, Hercules, Geryon having been destroyed, drove his cows of marvelous appearance, and, near the Tiber river, in which place he crossed by swimming, driving the herd before him, lay down in a grassy spot, to renew the cows with rest and fertile fodder, himself also weary from the journey.  [Ibi] There, when sleep had overtaken him, heavy with food and wine, a shepherd, a neighbor of this place, Cacus by name, fierce in his strength, having been captured by the beauty of the cows, because he wanted to turn this booty, because, if he forced her herd into his cave by driving (them), their tracks themselves would have led their seeking master to him, dragged the turned cows, each choice one in beauty, by their tails into his cave.  [Hercules] At first dawn Hercules, roused from sleep, when he had reviewed his herd with his eyes and had noticed part had gone from the number, advances to the nearest cave if by chance the tracks lead there.  Which, when he saw that all turned outward and did not lead in another direction, confused and uncertain of mind he began to drive his herd onwards from this dangerous place. [Inde] Then some of the cattle, driven toward their desire of the ones left, as happens, had lowed, the voice returned from the cave of those cows enclosed turned Hercules.  When he had tried to prevent Hercules (lit. whom) by force from entering the cave, Cacus, struck by his club, calling in vain on the faith of the shepherds, lay in death.

Evander, then a refugee from Peloponnesus, was ruling these places more by authority than by power, a venerated man for the miracle of letters, of a new thing among men unacquainted with the arts, but more venerated by the believed divinity of his mother Carmenta, whom these tribes had wondered at as a prophetess before the arrival of the Sibyl into Italy.  [Is] This Evander then, roused by the rush of alarmed shepherds around a stranger accused of open murder, after he heard the crime and the cause of the crime, thinking that the habit and appearance of the man was something greater and more august than human, he asked (lit. present) who the man was. 

[Ubi] When he heard his name and father and country, he said, “Hercules, son of Jupiter, hail!  My mother, true-speaking interpreter of the gods, sang that you would increase the number of the heavenly ones, and that here an altar would be built for you, which the some-day most powerful race in the lands will call the greatest and worship by your rite.”  [Dextra] Right hand having been given, Hercules says that he accepts the omen  and will fulfil (it) with the spoken altar having been founded and dedicated.  There then first with an outstanding cow having been taken from the herd, sacrifice was made to Hercules with the Potitii and Pinarii being employed for the office and feast, which then were the two most famous families inhabiting these parts.  [Forte] By chance thus it happened that the Potitii were present at the appointed time and before them the entrails were placed; the Pinarii arrived with the vitals having been consumed for the rest of the feast.  Then the institution remained as long as the family of the Pinarii existed that they not eat of the entrails of the victims.  [Potitii’ The Potitii, having been instructed by Evander, presided over (lit. were standing over) this rite for many ages, until, the sacred office of the family having been handed over to public servants,whole race of the Potitii perished.  Romulus then took up these rites, one from all the foreign rites, already then a patron of immortality born from virtue, to which his own fates were leading him.

Livy 1.6

At (lit. among) the first tumult, Numitor declaring that an enemy had entered the City and was attacking the palace, when he had called the Alban youth to hold the citadel as a guard and arms, after he saw the young men coming to congratulate him, the assassination having been accomplished, a council having been immediately called, he explained his brother's crime towards himself, the origin of his grandsons, how they were born, how they were brought up, and how they were recognized, finally the tyrant's death and that he himself was the author it.  [Iuvenes] The young men, having entered in a line through the middle of the assembly, when they had saluted their grandfather as king, a harmonizing voice from the whole multitude having approved ratified (lit. made ratified) the title and sovereignty for the king.

[Ita] Thus the Alban government having passed to Numitor, a desire for founding a city seized Romulus and Remus in these places where they had been exposed and where they had been brought up.  The multitude of the Albans and Latins was over and above, to this the shepherds also added, who all easily formed the hope that Alba would be small, Lavinium would be small before this city which was to be founded.  [Intervenit] Then an ancestral evil interrupted these thoughts, desire for rule, and then a foul contention arose from a mild enough beginning.  [Quoniam] As they were twins, and modesty of age could make no distinction, so the gods, whose safeguard were these places, would choose by the augurs, who would give his name to the new city, who would rule the founded (city) by his power, Romulus takes the Palatine, Remus took the Aventine as their quarters of the sky (lit. temples) for the augury.

Livy 1.5

Already then on the Palatine mountain they say was this Lupercal festival, (the hill was called) Pallantium from Pallanteum, an Arcadian city, afterward (lit. then) the hill was named Palatium.  Then Evander, who, from this race of Arcadians, held the territory many ages before, had instituted a festival brought in from Arcadia so that naked young men ran about for sport and wantonness, venerating Lycaean Pan, whom the Romans afterwards called Inuus.  [Huic] For those given over to this rite, because the festival was widely known, the thieves, on account of their anger over their lost plunder, set an ambush; although Romulus defended himself with force, but the captured Remus, and they handed over the captive to Amulius the king, accusing (him) impudently (lit. beyond (his crimes)).  [Crimini] They were giving for the charge mostly that attacks were being made by them on Numitor’s fields; then, with a band of youths having been collected, these were taking plunder in a war-like manner.  Thus Remus is given over to Numitor for punishment.

Now already for Faustulus from the beginning had been the hope that royal offspring was being brought up in his house: for he knew both that infants had been exposed by the king's command and that the time at which he had rescued them corresponded to this very (time); but he had not wanted to divulge the matter unseasonably (lit. adj.) unless through a fitting opportunity or through necessity.  Necessity came first.  [Ita] Thus driven by fear for Remus he disclosed the matter.  By chance * also, when he had Remus in his custody and had heard that they brothers were twins, by comparing both their ages and their bearing unlike servile (bearing),  the memory of his grandchildren had touched *Numitor’s mind; and he arrived at the same understanding so that it was hardly far but to recognize Remus.  [Ita] Thus a plot is woven for the king on all sides.  Romulus not with a group of youths, for he was not even equal to open force, but, with some ordered to come to the palace by another route at a set time, he makes an attack on the king and, from the home of Numitor, Remus helps with another band having been gathered.  Thus they kill the king.

Livy 1.4

But by the Fates had, as I believe, was owed the origin of such a great city and the beginning of the greatest empire after power of the gods.  The Vestal, overwhelmed by force, when she had produced twin offspring, names Mars the father of the uncertain issue, whether thus she thought or because a god as the author of her crime was more respectable.  [Sed] But neither gods nor men shelter either her or her offspring from royal cruelty.  The priestess, bound, is given into custody; he orders the boys to be thrown into the flowing water.

By some chance providentially, the Tiber had poured out over its banks in stagnant pools and could not be approached up to the course of the regular stream and gave the hope to those carrying that the boys could be drowned by the water, although languid.  Thus, as if carrying out the order of the king, the expose the boys in the nearest overflow where now the Ruminalis fig tree is – they say that it was called the Romularis.  [Vastae] Then there were vast wildernesses in these places.  The story is, when the shallow water had left the floating basket in which the boys were exposed on dry ground, a thirsty she-wolf from the mountains which were around had bent her course toward the boyish crying; she had provided her distended teats to the boys so gently that the master of the royal flock found her licking the boys with her tongue.  [Faustulo] They say his name was Faustulus.  By him to his cottage to his wife Laurentia (they boys) were given to be raised.  There are those who think that Larentia was so called among the shepherds from making her body common; thence the reason given to the story and miracle.

Thus born and thus brought up, as soon as their age matured, sluggish neither in the folds nor about the herds, wandered the woods in hunting.  Hence with strength in bodies and minds having been developed, already they not only face wild animals but make attacks on thieves loaded with booty and divide the captured goods among the shepherd and, with these celebrate serious things and jovial with a flock of youths growing day by day.

Livy 1.3

The son of Aeneas, Ascanius, was not yet old enough for power; yet  this power remained for him safely until his ahe of puberty.  Meanwhile by a woman’s guardianship, such character was in Lavinia, the Latin state and the kingdom of his father and grandfather stood for the boy.  [Haud] I will hardly debate – for who might confirm a matter so old for certain? – whether this was Ascanius or an older (boy) than this, born from Creusa as mother, Troy being safe, and companion then of his father’s flight, whom the Iulian family calls the same Iulus, the author of their name.  [Is] This Ascanius, wherever and from whatever mother born -- it is surely was born from Aeneas -- with the multitude of Lavinium superfluous, left a already flourishing and opulent city, as things then were, to his mother or stepmother, and he himself built a another new (city) at the foot of the Alban mountain, which from the position of the city stretching along the side was called ‘Alba Longa.’

Nearly thirty years were between Lavinium and the colony of Alba Longa having been lead out. Yes they had created such resources, mainly with the Etruscans having been routed, that not even at the death of Aeneas, nor then during the womanly protection and first, immaturity of the  boyish kingdom, did either Mezentius and the Etruscans or any other neighbors dare to move arms.  [Pax] Peace thus had been agreed upon, so that the river Albula, which now they call the Tiber, was the boundary for the Etruscans and the Latins.

[Silvius] Silvius then reigned, son of Ascanius, by some chance born in the forest.  He begets Aeneas Silvius, he then Latinus Silvius.  By this one some colonies were lead out, called Prisci Latini.  The cognomen afterwards remained for all the Silvians who ruled at Alba.  From Latinus was born Alba; from Alba, Atys; from Atys, Capys; from Capys, Capetus; from Capetus, Tiberinus, who, having drowned in crossing the Albula, gave his name to the river, famous to posterity (lit. pl).  [Agrippa] Agrippa then was the son of Tiberinus; after Agrippa, Romulus Silvius rules with power having been received from his father.  He himself hands over (lit. transfers by hand) power having been struck by lightening on the Aventine.  This man, buried on this hill, which now is a part of the city of Rome, produced the name for the hill.  Proca then rules.  This one begets Numitor and Amulius; to Numitor, who was the elder son (lit. offshoot), he chooses the ancient power of the Silvian race.  Violence, however, was more able than either a father's will or respect for age.  [Pulso] His brother having been driven out, Amulius rules.  He adds crime to crime: he murders the son (lit. manly offshoot) of his brother and by perpetual virginity deprives the hope of his brother’s daughter, Rhea Silvia, for issue when he had chosen her a Vestal through the pretense of honor.

Livy 1.2

Then the Aborigines and the Trojans were attacked in war at the same time.  Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, to whom Lavinia had been betrothed before the arrival of Aeneas, scarcely enduring that a stranger was preferred to himself, at once had brought war against Latinus and Aeneas.  [Neutra] Neither line came from this contest happy; the Rutulians were defeated, but the victors, the Aborigines and the Trojans, lost their leader Latinus.  [Inde] Thence Turnus and the Rutulians, despairing in resources, flee to the flowering power of the Etruscans and Mezentius, their king, who, ruling at Caere, then a wealthy city, already then from the beginning very little happy at the origin of the new city, and thought then the Trojan state grew more by too much than was safe for the natives, joined allied arms to the Rutulians hardly reluctantly.  [Aeneas] Aeneas, against the terror of such war to reconcile the spirits of the Aborigines to himself, they all were under not only the same law but also name, called both nations (lit. singular) "Latins."  And then the Aborigines did not yield to the Trojans in zeal and faith toward king Aeneas.  [Fretus] And confidence grew in their spirits of the two peoples more day by day (so that) Aeneas, although Etruria was so great in wealth that already the fame of her name had filled not only the lands but also the sea through the whole length of Italy from the Alps to the straight of Sicily, yet, although he could repulse war with her mountains, lead troops into battle.  [Secundum] The battle was favorable for the Latins, but it was the last of mortal acts for Aeneas.  He was placed, whatever it is lawful and right that he be called, over the Numicus river; they call him ‘Jupiter Indiges.’

Livy 1.1

[Iam] Now first of all, it is generally agreed that, Troy having been captured, rage was vented upon the rest of the Trojans; the Achivi abstained from every right of war for two —Aeneas and Antenor — both by the law of ancient hospitality and because they were always been the supporters of peace and of returning Helen.  [Casibus] Their fortunes (lit. events/misfortunes) then being different, Antenor came into the inmost bay of the Adriatic Sea with a multitude of Enetes, who had been driven from Paphlagonia by a revolution and, having lost their king Pylaemenes before Troy, were looking for a settlement and a leader; the Euganei who used to live between the sea and the Alps having been driven out, the Eneti and Trojans occupied these lands.  [Et] And the place (lit. acc.) into which they first disembarked was called Troy, and thence the name was Troy (lit. dat.) for the district; the whole nation was called Veneti.  [Aeneam] Aeneas, a fugitive from home by a similar misfortune, but, with the Fates leading to greater beginnings of things, came first into Macedonia, then was carried down into Sicily seeking a settlement, from Sicily he held his fleet to the Laurentian territory.  Troy is the name for this place also.  [Ibi] There the Trojans, having disembarked, as for whom by an almost boundless wandering nothing had survived except their arms and their ships, because they were taking plunder from the fields, king Latinus and the local inhabitants, who then were holding these places, gather together from the city and the fields armed to prevent the violence of the strangers.  [Duplex] From this point there is a twofold tradition: some say that Latinus, defeated in battle, joined peace with Aeneas and subsequently a family alliance; others that when the battle lines, having been drawn up, had stopped before they sounded the signals, Latinus had advanced among his front lines and had invited the leader of the strangers to a conference; he inquired then who were the men, whence or by what misfortune set out from their home, or seeking what they had gone out into Laurentine territory; after he heard that the multitude were Trojans, that their leader was Aeneas, the son of Anchises and Venus, that, their native city (lit. fatherland) having been burnt, the fugitives from home were seeking an abode and a place for building a city, having admired both the nobility of the race and the hero, and their spirit prepared for either war or peace, his right hand having been given, he sanctified a pledge of future friendship.  [Inde] Then a treaty was struck between the leaders and greetings made between the armies; Aeneas was entertained (lit. in hospitality) at Latinus’ home.  [Ibi] There Latinus before his household gods had joined domestic treaty to public, his daughter having been given in marriage to Aeneas.  This incident certainly confirms for the Trojans at last the hope of the end of their wandering in a stable and sure home.  [Oppidum] They build a town; Aeneas calls (it) Lavinium from the name of his wife.  In a short time also a boy (a manly shoot) was from the new marriage, for whom his parents said the name of Ascanius.