Wednesday, September 26, 2012

Livy 1.4

But by the Fates had, as I believe, was owed the origin of such a great city and the beginning of the greatest empire after power of the gods.  The Vestal, overwhelmed by force, when she had produced twin offspring, names Mars the father of the uncertain issue, whether thus she thought or because a god as the author of her crime was more respectable.  [Sed] But neither gods nor men shelter either her or her offspring from royal cruelty.  The priestess, bound, is given into custody; he orders the boys to be thrown into the flowing water.

By some chance providentially, the Tiber had poured out over its banks in stagnant pools and could not be approached up to the course of the regular stream and gave the hope to those carrying that the boys could be drowned by the water, although languid.  Thus, as if carrying out the order of the king, the expose the boys in the nearest overflow where now the Ruminalis fig tree is – they say that it was called the Romularis.  [Vastae] Then there were vast wildernesses in these places.  The story is, when the shallow water had left the floating basket in which the boys were exposed on dry ground, a thirsty she-wolf from the mountains which were around had bent her course toward the boyish crying; she had provided her distended teats to the boys so gently that the master of the royal flock found her licking the boys with her tongue.  [Faustulo] They say his name was Faustulus.  By him to his cottage to his wife Laurentia (they boys) were given to be raised.  There are those who think that Larentia was so called among the shepherds from making her body common; thence the reason given to the story and miracle.

Thus born and thus brought up, as soon as their age matured, sluggish neither in the folds nor about the herds, wandered the woods in hunting.  Hence with strength in bodies and minds having been developed, already they not only face wild animals but make attacks on thieves loaded with booty and divide the captured goods among the shepherd and, with these celebrate serious things and jovial with a flock of youths growing day by day.

Tuesday, September 25, 2012

Livy 1.3


The son of Aeneas, Ascanius, was not yet old enough for power; yet  this power remained for him safely until his ahe of puberty.  Meanwhile by a woman’s guardianship, such character was in Lavinia, the Latin state and the kingdom of his father and grandfather stood for the boy.  [Haud] I will hardly debate – for who might confirm a matter so old for certain? – whether this was Ascanius or an older (boy) than this, born from Creusa as mother, Troy being safe, and companion then of his father’s flight, whom the Iulian family calls the same Iulus, the author of their name.  [Is] This Ascanius, wherever and from whatever mother born -- it is surely was born from Aeneas -- with the multitude of Lavinium superfluous, left a already flourishing and opulent city, as things then were, to his mother or stepmother, and he himself built a another new (city) at the foot of the Alban mountain, which from the position of the city stretching along the side was called ‘Alba Longa.’

Nearly thirty years were between Lavinium and the colony of Alba Longa having been lead out. Yes they had created such resources, mainly with the Etruscans having been routed, that not even at the death of Aeneas, nor then during the womanly protection and first, immaturity of the  boyish kingdom, did either Mezentius and the Etruscans or any other neighbors dare to move arms.  [Pax] Peace thus had been agreed upon, so that the river Albula, which now they call the Tiber, was the boundary for the Etruscans and the Latins.

[Silvius] Silvius then reigned, son of Ascanius, by some chance born in the forest.  He begets Aeneas Silvius, he then Latinus Silvius.  By this one some colonies were lead out, called Prisci Latini.  The cognomen afterwards remained for all the Silvians who ruled at Alba.  From Latinus was born Alba; from Alba, Atys; from Atys, Capys; from Capys, Capetus; from Capetus, Tiberinus, who, having drowned in crossing the Albula, gave his name to the river, famous to posterity (lit. pl).  [Agrippa] Agrippa then was the son of Tiberinus; after Agrippa, Romulus Silvius rules with power having been received from his father.  He himself hands over (lit. transfers by hand) power having been struck by lightening on the Aventine.  This man, buried on this hill, which now is a part of the city of Rome, produced the name for the hill.  Proca then rules.  This one begets Numitor and Amulius; to Numitor, who was the elder son (lit. offshoot), he chooses the ancient power of the Silvian race.  Violence, however, was more able than either a father's will or respect for age.  [Pulso] His brother having been driven out, Amulius rules.  He adds crime to crime: he murders the son (lit. manly offshoot) of his brother and by perpetual virginity deprives the hope of his brother’s daughter, Rhea Silvia, for issue when he had chosen her a Vestal through the pretense of honor.

Monday, September 24, 2012

Livy 1.2

Then the Aborigines and the Trojans were attacked in war at the same time.  Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, to whom Lavinia had been betrothed before the arrival of Aeneas, scarcely enduring that a stranger was preferred to himself, at once had brought war against Latinus and Aeneas.  [Neutra] Neither line came from this contest happy; the Rutulians were defeated, but the victors, the Aborigines and the Trojans, lost their leader Latinus.  [Inde] Thence Turnus and the Rutulians, despairing in resources, flee to the flowering power of the Etruscans and Mezentius, their king, who, ruling at Caere, then a wealthy city, already then from the beginning very little happy at the origin of the new city, and thought then the Trojan state grew more by too much than was safe for the natives, joined allied arms to the Rutulians hardly reluctantly.  [Aeneas] Aeneas, against the terror of such war to reconcile the spirits of the Aborigines to himself, they all were under not only the same law but also name, called both nations (lit. singular) "Latins."  And then the Aborigines did not yield to the Trojans in zeal and faith toward king Aeneas.  [Fretus] And confidence grew in their spirits of the two peoples more day by day (so that) Aeneas, although Etruria was so great in wealth that already the fame of her name had filled not only the lands but also the sea through the whole length of Italy from the Alps to the straight of Sicily, yet, although he could repulse war with her mountains, lead troops into battle.  [Secundum] The battle was favorable for the Latins, but it was the last of mortal acts for Aeneas.  He was placed, whatever it is lawful and right that he be called, over the Numicus river; they call him ‘Jupiter Indiges.’

Sunday, September 23, 2012

Livy 1.1

[Iam] Now first of all, it is generally agreed that, Troy having been captured, rage was vented upon the rest of the Trojans; the Achivi abstained from every right of war for two —Aeneas and Antenor — both by the law of ancient hospitality and because they were always been the supporters of peace and of returning Helen.  [Casibus] Their fortunes (lit. events/misfortunes) then being different, Antenor came into the inmost bay of the Adriatic Sea with a multitude of Enetes, who had been driven from Paphlagonia by a revolution and, having lost their king Pylaemenes before Troy, were looking for a settlement and a leader; the Euganei who used to live between the sea and the Alps having been driven out, the Eneti and Trojans occupied these lands.  [Et] And the place (lit. acc.) into which they first disembarked was called Troy, and thence the name was Troy (lit. dat.) for the district; the whole nation was called Veneti.  [Aeneam] Aeneas, a fugitive from home by a similar misfortune, but, with the Fates leading to greater beginnings of things, came first into Macedonia, then was carried down into Sicily seeking a settlement, from Sicily he held his fleet to the Laurentian territory.  Troy is the name for this place also.  [Ibi] There the Trojans, having disembarked, as for whom by an almost boundless wandering nothing had survived except their arms and their ships, because they were taking plunder from the fields, king Latinus and the local inhabitants, who then were holding these places, gather together from the city and the fields armed to prevent the violence of the strangers.  [Duplex] From this point there is a twofold tradition: some say that Latinus, defeated in battle, joined peace with Aeneas and subsequently a family alliance; others that when the battle lines, having been drawn up, had stopped before they sounded the signals, Latinus had advanced among his front lines and had invited the leader of the strangers to a conference; he inquired then who were the men, whence or by what misfortune set out from their home, or seeking what they had gone out into Laurentine territory; after he heard that the multitude were Trojans, that their leader was Aeneas, the son of Anchises and Venus, that, their native city (lit. fatherland) having been burnt, the fugitives from home were seeking an abode and a place for building a city, having admired both the nobility of the race and the hero, and their spirit prepared for either war or peace, his right hand having been given, he sanctified a pledge of future friendship.  [Inde] Then a treaty was struck between the leaders and greetings made between the armies; Aeneas was entertained (lit. in hospitality) at Latinus’ home.  [Ibi] There Latinus before his household gods had joined domestic treaty to public, his daughter having been given in marriage to Aeneas.  This incident certainly confirms for the Trojans at last the hope of the end of their wandering in a stable and sure home.  [Oppidum] They build a town; Aeneas calls (it) Lavinium from the name of his wife.  In a short time also a boy (a manly shoot) was from the new marriage, for whom his parents said the name of Ascanius.

Thursday, January 13, 2011

de bello gallico, 6.20

Which states are thought to conduct their state more properly, have it ordained by their laws, if any person has received by rumor or report from his neighbors any thing about the state, that he should convey (it) to the magistrate and not share (it) with any other: because it has been learned that more rash and inexperienced men were often alarmed by false reports and were driven to crime and formed a plan about the most important affairs. The magistrates conceal those things which seem best and they reveal to the multitude which things they judge according to use. It is not allowed to speak about the state except in (lit. through) council.

de bello gallico, 6.19

As much money as the husbands have received in the name of dowry from their wives, with an estimate having been made, they join so much with the dowries out of their own goods. An account is kept of all this money conjointly, and the profits are preserved: which of these two survives in life, to that one comes the part of both with the profits of the previous times. Husbands have power of life and death over their wives as well as over their children; and when the father of a family, having been born in a more distinguished rank, has died, his relations assemble and, if the circumstance of his death comes into suspicion, hold an investigation of the wives in the servile manner, and, if it was verified, kill them having been tormented by fire and totures. Their funerals, for civilization of the Gauls, are magnificent and costly; and everything, which they think were dear to them living they carry into the fire, even animals; and, a little before this memory, slaves and clients, whom it was agreed were beloved by them, with the regular funeral rites having been completed, were burnt together (with them).

de bello gallico, 6.18

The Gauls proclaim that they all are descended from the god Dis, and say that this has been handed down by the Druids. Because of this reason they make the divisions of every season not by the number of days but of nights; they observe birthdays and the beginnings of months and years thus that the day follows the night. Among the other customs of life, they differ in this from nearly (all) remaining, that they do not permit their children to approach them openly unless when they have grown up so as to be able to bear the duty of war; and they consider it as shameful for a son of boyish age to stand in public in the sight of his father.