Friday, September 28, 2012

Livy 1.7


To Remus first an omen came, it is said: six vultures, and the augury having already been announced, when double the number had offered themselves to Romulus, his own multitude saluted each as king.  [Tempore] Those claim kingship on the priority of time, these on the number of the birds.  Then when they met in conflict, by the struggle of passions they turned to murder.  Thereupon Remus, having been struck, fell in the crowd.  [Vulgatior] The more common report is that Remus, in mockery of his brother, jumped over the new walls; thence by an angry Romulus, when, rebuking also with these words, had added, “Thus afterwards whoever else jumps over my walls! he was killed.  [Ita] Thus Romulus alone gained possession of power; the founded city was called by the name of its founder.

His first fortified the Palatine hill on which he himself had been brought up.  He set up the sacred rites for the other gods by Alban custom, by the Greek for Hercules, as they had been instituted by Evander.   [Herculem] They recall that into these locations, Hercules, Geryon having been destroyed, drove his cows of marvelous appearance, and, near the Tiber river, in which place he crossed by swimming, driving the herd before him, lay down in a grassy spot, to renew the cows with rest and fertile fodder, himself also weary from the journey.  [Ibi] There, when sleep had overtaken him, heavy with food and wine, a shepherd, a neighbor of this place, Cacus by name, fierce in his strength, having been captured by the beauty of the cows, because he wanted to turn this booty, because, if he forced her herd into his cave by driving (them), their tracks themselves would have led their seeking master to him, dragged the turned cows, each choice one in beauty, by their tails into his cave.  [Hercules] At first dawn Hercules, roused from sleep, when he had reviewed his herd with his eyes and had noticed part had gone from the number, advances to the nearest cave if by chance the tracks lead there.  Which, when he saw that all turned outward and did not lead in another direction, confused and uncertain of mind he began to drive his herd onwards from this dangerous place. [Inde] Then some of the cattle, driven toward their desire of the ones left, as happens, had lowed, the voice returned from the cave of those cows enclosed turned Hercules.  When he had tried to prevent Hercules (lit. whom) by force from entering the cave, Cacus, struck by his club, calling in vain on the faith of the shepherds, lay in death.

Evander, then a refugee from Peloponnesus, was ruling these places more by authority than by power, a venerated man for the miracle of letters, of a new thing among men unacquainted with the arts, but more venerated by the believed divinity of his mother Carmenta, whom these tribes had wondered at as a prophetess before the arrival of the Sibyl into Italy.  [Is] This Evander then, roused by the rush of alarmed shepherds around a stranger accused of open murder, after he heard the crime and the cause of the crime, thinking that the habit and appearance of the man was something greater and more august than human, he asked (lit. present) who the man was. 
[Ubi] When he heard his name and father and country, he said, “Hercules, son of Jupiter, hail!  My mother, true-speaking interpreter of the gods, sang that you would increase the number of the heavenly ones, and that here an altar would be built for you, which the some-day most powerful race in the lands will call the greatest and worship by your rite.”  [Dextra] Right hand having been given, Hercules says that he accepts the omen  and will fulfil (it) with the spoken altar having been founded and dedicated.  There then first with an outstanding cow having been taken from the herd, sacrifice was made to Hercules with the Potitii and Pinarii being employed for the office and feast, which then were the two most famous families inhabiting these parts.  [Forte] By chance thus it happened that the Potitii were present at the appointed time and before them the entrails were placed; the Pinarii arrived with the vitals having been consumed for the rest of the feast.  Then the institution remained as long as the family of the Pinarii existed that they not eat of the entrails of the victims.  [Potitii’ The Potitii, having been instructed by Evander, presided over (lit. were standing over) this rite for many ages, until, the sacred office of the family having been handed over to public servants,whole race of the Potitii perished.  Romulus then took up these rites, one from all the foreign rites, already then a patron of immortality born from virtue, to which his own fates were leading him.

1 comment:

Unknown said...

I swear Livy is just trying to get the word count. Why else would he say 'there then first'.